Signs in Gynecology

·         Halban's sign: Dysmenorrhea is directly related to the depth of penetration and degree of involvement, and probably results from myometrial contractions invoked by premenstrual swelling and menstrual bleeding in endometrial islands. The uterus is usually tender and slightly softened under bimanual examination done premenstrually.

·         Rarely, patients with carcinoma of the fallopian tube present with the symptom complex referred to as hydrops tubae profluens, or Latzko's sign, which is a watery vaginal discharge and a palpable adnexal mass.

·         PCOS by ultrasound criteria is defined as 12 or more antral follicles between 2 and 9 mm in size and peripheral in location in at least one ovary, often referred to as the string of pearls sign.

·         Endometriosis may cause deep tissue damage, resulting in local scarring and reduplication of peritoneum and leading to surface defects or Allen-Masters peritoneal defects.

·         Midcycle pain or mittelschmerz is pain in the lower abdomen noticed at or near the time of ovulation.

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