·
High-dose diuretics
can precipitate acute renal failure in nephrotics
because the intravascular volume cannot be defended by the hypoalbuminemia.
·
Estrogens increase thyroxine-binding globulin, elevating total T4 and T3,
whereas free T4, free T3, and TSH remain normal.
·
The tremor of
hyperthyroidism is very high frequency and fine, unlike the tremors of
Parkinsonism, asterixis, essential, and drug related.
·
Anti-HBs is the protective antibody in hepatitis B virus infection.
Persons with anti-HBs are protected against reinfection
with the virus. None of the other antibodies are protective.
·
In addition to lactulose, antibiotics decrease ammonia production by
intestinal bacteria. Tetracycline is effective, as is ampicillin
and metronidazole. Neomycin is effective, but it is
absorbed some and can cause renal toxicity.
·
Thyroid lymphomas
constitute about 5% of thyroid cancers and occur most often in patients with
Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
·
The serum level of prolactin correlates roughly with the size of the tumor. Prolactin levels greater than 300 are most likely
associated with macroadenoma. Increases in prolactin due to medications are usually less than 100. Microadenomas usually do not exceed levels of 200 to 300.
·
The consumption of
alcohol leads to excessive loss of magnesium in the urine and thus lowers
seizure threshold.
·
Normal human deploid fibroblasts stop proliferating in culture after 5O
doublings
·
Both systemic and pulmonary
embolism is seen in septal infarction.
·
The most common
lesion in Wernicke’s encephalopathy is found in the mamillary bodies.
·
Laminin is the most abundant glycoprotein in the basement
membranes
·
Monodermal teratomas are very uncommon
and most frequently take the forms of struma ovarii or carcinoids.
·
“Lafora
syndrome” is a progressive familial myoclonic
degenerative disease affecting predominantly the basal ganglia, most patients
dying by the age of 30 years.
·
Metastasis is the
single most important feature distinguishing benign from malignant turnouts.
Exception being I. Brain tuinours 2.Basal cell
carcinoma of skin
·
In diabetic
nephropathy, the cells of the distal portions of proximal convoluted tubules
contain —Glycogen (Armanni ebstien
lesion).
·
Histologic examination of islets of pts with type 1 DM show –
Lymphocytic infiltration
Histologic examination of islets of pts with
type 2 DM show – Amyloid deposition
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