Surgery Facts from Previous Papers

·         CXR finding of thoracic aortic injury – Widening of mediastinum >8 cm (due to presence of mediastinal hematoma)

·         Eponymous Signs in Splenic rupture:

1.       Ballance's  sign - Ballance's sign is dullness to percussion in the left flank LUQ and shifting dullness to percussion in the right flank seen with splenic rupture/hematoma. The dullness in the left flank is due to coagulated blood, the shifting dullness on the right due to fluid blood.

2.       Kehr's  sign - Kehr's sign is the occurrence of acute pain in the tip of the shoulder due to the presence of blood or other irritants in the peritoneal cavity when a person is lying down and the legs are elevated. Kehr's sign in the left shoulder is considered a classical symptom of a ruptured spleen. Kehr's sign is a classical example of referred pain: irritation of the diaphragm is signalled by the phrenic nerve as pain in the area above the collarbone.

3.       Saegasser's  sign  - Palpation of  left upper quadrant  inferior to ribs  elicits neck pain in the  patient.

·         Different Eponymous types of Herniasurgery pearls

Amyand's hernia :The term Amyand’s hernia refers to the presence of the appendix within the hernial sac, and has been variously defined as the occurrence of either an inflammed or perforated appendix within an inguinal hernia, or simply, the presence of a non-inflammed appendix within an irreducible inguinal hernia.

Barth's hernia :Hernia of the loops of intestine between the serosa of the abdominal wall and that of a persistent vitelline duct.

Beclard's hernia - femoral hernia through saphenous opening

Berger's hernia - hernia in Pouch of Douglas

Bochdalek hernia :(congenital posterolateral hernia of the diaphragm)A Bochdalek Hernia is one of two forms of a congenital diaphragmatic hernia, the other form being Morgagni's hernia.