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Sciatic foramina
1. Greater sciatic foramen
Provides a pathway
for the piriformis muscle, superior and inferior gluteal vessels and nerves,
internal pudendal vessels and pudendal nerve, sciatic nerve, posterior femoral
cutaneous nerve, and the nerves to the obturator internus and quadratus femoris
muscles.
2. Lesser sciatic foramen PINT
Provides a pathway
for the tendon of the obturator internus, the nerve to the obturator internus,
and the internal pudendal vessels and pudendal nerve.
3. Structures that pass through both the greater and
lesser sciatic foramina PIN
Include the
pudendal nerve, the internal pudendal vessels, and the nerve to the obturator
internus.
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The biceps femoris is the only muscle supplied by the
sciatic nerve that receives innervation exclusively from the dorsal division
(i.e., peroneal component) of the sciatic nerve. This point is
important clinically in trying to differentiate lesions caused by damage to the
common peroneal nerve versus the sciatic nerve itself.
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Hip: lateral rotators"Play Golf Or Go
On Quaaludes": · From top to bottom: Piriformis Gemellus
superior Obturator internus Gemellus inferior Obturator externus Quadratus
femoris · Alternatively: "P-GO-GO-Q".
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Vessels rarely pass between bone and tendon at osseous
attachments, and the junctional surfaces are usually devoid of foramina. A
notable exception is the calcaneal tendon (Achilles tendon), which receives a
blood supply across the osseotendinous junction.
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The superior gluteal
artery does not participate in the cruciate anastomosis of the thigh. The
inferior gluteal artery, transverse branches of the medial and lateral femoral
circumflex arteries, and an ascending branch of the first perforating artery
form the cruciate anastomosis of the thigh.
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If the proximal end
of the popliteal artery is blocked, blood may reach the foot by way of the
descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery, which participates
in the anastomosis around the knee joint.
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The anterior tibial
artery, which arises from the popliteal artery, enters the anterior compartment
by passing through the gap between the fibula and tibia at the upper end of the
interosseous membrane.
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The sartorius can
flex and rotate the thigh laterally and flex and rotate the leg medially. The
rectus femoris flexes the thigh and extends the leg. The semimembranosus
extends the thigh and flexes and rotates the leg medially. The biceps femoris
extends the thigh and flexes and rotates the leg laterally. The adductor longus
adducts and flexes the thigh.
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The descending
genicular artery gives off the articular branch, which enters the anastomosis
around the knee joint, and the saphenous branch, which is not involved in the
anastomosis but supplies the superficial tissue and skin on the medial side of
the knee.
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