Orthopedics Facts from Previous Papers

·         Abnormalities of achondroplasia:

1. square iliac wings

2. champagne glass pelvic cavity

3. short, narrow sacrosciatic notch

4. posterior scalloping of vertebrae

5. small funnel shaped foramen magnum

6.Trident Hand

·         De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis: APL & EPB        ( BE PAL)

·         CTS

Phalen sign:Hyper flexion of the wrist for 60 seconds may elicit paresthesia in the median nerve distribution.

Tinel sign :Tapping the volar wrist over the median nerve may produce paresthesia in the median distribution of the hand.

Flick sign :Shaking or flicking one's hands for relief during maximal symptoms

·         Unlike the immediate swelling seen with tears of vascular structures such as the ACL, the relatively avascular meniscus (cartilage) causes more gradual swelling.

·         Inv not reqd in osteosarcoma – Bone marrow biopsy

·         Prognosis of rhabdomyosarcoma is likely to be poor if site of tumor is – Urinary bladder

(Extremity was not given in the options)

·         Prognosis of Rhabdomyosarcoma

Botyroid (Best) > Embryonal > Pleomorphic > Alveolar

Diploid tumors have better prognosis than hyperdiploid tumors

Prognosis is related to site also (See Table in explanation 4 of this manual)

Other bad prognostic factors :

Alveolar histology

Children > 10 yrs

Tumor size > 5 cm