· The maxillary sinus is innervated by branches of V2 - the greater palatine nerve and the branches of the infraorbital nerve.
·
The
pterygopalatine fossa is the distribution centre for the main vessels and
nerves of the middle third of the face. The greater and deep petrosal nerves
join together before entering the pterygo-palatine fossa.
·
A 54-yr old
woman complains of pain & burning over the bottom of the forefoot; her
symptoms are relieved by going barefoot. Diag – Morton neuroma
·
Line of gravity passes through – Cervical & lumbar vertebrae; behind hip jt & in
front of knee & ankle jt
·
All can act as antigravity muscles except – Popliteus
·
Developmentally hymen is – Endodermal in origin
·
Ulnar n innervates 15 of the 20 intrinsic
muscles of the hand
·
·
Weitbrecht's
cartilage=articular disc of acromioclavicular joint.
Weitbrecht's cord= oblique ligament of elbow joint.
Weitbrecht's ligament= oblique ligament of elbow joint.
Weitbrecht's fibers= retinaculum of articular capsule of
hip.
Weitbrecht's foramen= an opening in the articular capsule
of the shoulder joint, communicating with the subtendinous bursa of the
subscapularis muscle
·
1. Eye Of Hand :
Median Nerve
2. Labourer's Nerve : Median Nerve
3. Musician's Nerve : Ulnar Nerve
4. Surgeon's Nerve : Axillary Nerve
5. Wandering Nerve : Vagus Nerve
·
FORAMENAE:
1. Foramen of Scarpa
- Incisor Foramen in the mouth
2. Foramen of
Vesalii - Transmits veins communicating between the Cavernous sinus to
Pterygoid Plexus
3. Foramen of
Luschka - Openings of the Lateral recesses of fourth Ventricle
4. Stylomastoid
Foramen - Transmits Facial Nerve
1. Foramen Caecum
- The foramen anterior to the Crista Galli in the base of the Skull.
2. Foramen Caecum
- Located at the junction of Ant 2/3 rds and Post 1/3 rd of tongue (in midline)
3. Epiploic
Foramen - Communication between Greater and lesser sacs of peritoneal cavity.
4. Foramen of
Langer - A foramen in the axillary fascia through which the Axillary tail of
Spence (Part of Breast) passes through
5. Foramen of
Monro (Interventricular Foramen) - Opening of lateral ventricles into III
ventricle.
6. Foramen of
Magendie - Median aperture in the Roof of fourth Ventricle.
7. Jugular Foramen
Transmits - a. Sigmoid Sinus b. Inferior Petrosal Sinus c. 9th, 10th, 11th
cranial Nerves d. Int. jugular vein
8. Foramen
Transversarium of 6th Cervical Vertebra Transmits - Vertebral Artery
·
MUSCLE FACTS:
1. Abdominals – Rectus abdominus, external abdominal
oblique, and Transverse abdominus
2. Adductors – Magnus, Longus and brevis
3. Adductor magnus – Underneath the hamstrings
4. Biceps brachii – Corkscrew muscle
5. Brachialis – Strongest elbow flexor / Superficial lateral
forearm
6. Costals – Internal and External
7. Deltoid – Shoulder pad muscle / Anterior, Lateral and
Posterior / Antagonist to itself
8. Diaphragm – Prime mover in inspiration
9. Erector spinae – Spinalis (Medial tract and hugs the
spine), Iliocostalis (Lateral tract and hugs the ribs) and Longissimus
(Intermediate tract)
10. External intercostals – Superficial
11. Extensor digiti minimi – Tea drinker’s muscle
12. Gluteus maximus – Strongest hip extensor / can be at
least one inch thick / most superficial gluteal muscle
13. Gracilis – The gracilis and the femoral shaft form the
letter ‘V’
14. Gastrocnemius – Toe dancer’s muscle
15. Gluteals – Maximus, Medius and Minimus
16. Hamstrings – Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus and Biceps
femoris
17. Hypothenar eminence – Opponens digiti minimi, Flexor
digiti minimi brevis and Abductor digiti minimi
18. Internal abdominus obliques – The fibers go vertical
19. Internal intercostals – Deep
20. Iliopsoas – Group of psoas major, psoas minor and
iliacus
21. Latissimus dorsi – Swimmer’s muscle / Widest muscle /
Superficial mid back and lower back muscle
22. Lateral six deep rotatores – Piriformis, Gemellus
superior, Obturator internus, Gemellus inferior, Obturator externus and
Quadratus femoris
23. Longus colli – Longus colli superior oblique, longus
colli inferior oblique and longus colli vertical
24. Orbicularis oculi – Winking muscle
25. Orbicularis oris – Kissing muscle
26. Pronators – Pronator quadratus and Pronator teres
27. Peroneus – Longus, Brevis and Tertius
28. Peroneus longus – Sometimes called ‘fibularis longus’ /
Along with the peroneus brevis it is affected in an inversion sprain
29. Psoas – Strongest hip flexor / Strongest posture muscle
30. Piriformis – Tightness causes duck like walking
31. Plantaris – Missing in most cadavers
32. Psoas minor – Missing in most cadavers
33. Platysma – Most superficial neck muscle
34. Pectoralis major – Tightness equals rounded shoulders
and or constriction of chest wall
35. Pectoralis minor and Scalenes – Neurovascular entrappers
36. Pectineus – Medial to the femoral artery and considered
an extension of the iliopsoas muscle
37. Quadratus lumborum – Hip hiker muscle
38. Quadriceps – Vastus lateralis, Vastus medialis, Vastus
Intermedius and Rectus femoris
39. Rhomboid minor and major – Minor is on top / Christmas
tree muscle
40. Rectus abdominus – Horizontal layer of connective tissue
every few inches / Six pack muscle
41. Rectus femoris – Only quad muscle that crosses two
joints and has two actions
42. Rotatores longi and Rotatores brevis – Deepest of the
transversospinalis group
43. Scalene – Anterior, Medius and Posterior
44. Serratus posterior superior – Helps inhale
45. Serratus posterior inferior – Helps exhale
46. Stapedius – Smallest muscle (In your ear)
47. Sartorius – Tailor’s muscle / Longest muscle
48. Semispinalis – Most superficial of the
transversospinalis group / most superficial of the transversospinalis group
49. Semimembranosus – Most medial hamstring
50. Semitendinosus – On top of the semimembranosus
51. Serratus muscles – Anterior, Posterior superior and
Posterior inferior
52. Serratus anterior and Triceps – Boxer’s muscle
53. Sternocleidomastoid – Tightness can cause vertigo or
torticollis / Only muscle that
move the head and are not connected to the ribs
54. Supraspinatus / Infraspinatus / Teres minor /
Subscapularis – SITS muscles or rotator muscles
55. Subscapularis – Frozen shoulder muscle
56. Suboccipitals – Ghost headache muscle / Rectus capitus
posterior major, Rectus capitus posterior minor, oblique capitus inferior and
oblique capitus superior
57. Thenar eminence – Opponens pollicis, Abductor pollicis
brevis and Flexor pollicis brevis
58. Tensor fascia lata – Connects into the iliotibial band
59. Transversospinalis – Semispinalis, Multifidus and
Rotator longi, Rotatores brevis
60. Transverse abdominus – Deepest abdominal muscle / Wraps
around the internal organs
61. Tibialis anterior – Weakness causes flat foot /
Tightness causes high arch / prone to shin splints
62. Triceps surae – Another name for the soleus and
gastrocnemius
63. Trapezius – Coat hanger muscle / Superficial mid and
upper back muscle / Antagonist to itself
Neck
Flexion of the Neck - Sternocleidomastoid, Splenius
Capitis, Splenius Cervicis, and Scalenes
Extension of the Neck - Splenius Capitis, Splenius Cervicis
and Scalene
Lateral Flexion of Neck to same side - Sternocleidomastoid,
Scalenes
Rotation of Head to Opposite Side - Sternocleidomastoid,
Scalenes
Rotation of Head to Same Side - Splenius Capitis, Splenius
Cervicis
Ribs
Bilaterally Raises First 2 Ribs - Scalenes
Scapula
Elevation of the Scapula - Upper Trapezius and Levator
Scapula
Depression of the Scapula - Pectoralis Minor and Lower
Trapezius
Protraction of the Scapula - Pectoralis Minor and Serratus
Anterior
Retraction of the Scapula - Middle Trapezius and Rhomboids
Upward rotation of the Scapula - Upper Trapezius, Lower
Trapezius, and Serratus Anterior
Downward Rotation of the Scapula - Levator Scapula, Rhomboids,
and Pectoralis Minor
Humerus
Flexion of the Humerus - Anterior Deltoid, Pectoralis
Major, Coracobrachialis and Biceps
Extension of the Humerus - Latissimus Dorsi, Teres Major,
Posterior Deltoid, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, Triceps and Pectoralis Major
Medial Rotation of the Humerus - Anterior Deltoid,
Pectoralis Major, Subscapularis, Teres Major and Latissimus Dorsi
Lateral Rotation of the Humerus - Infraspinatus, Teres
Minor, and Posterior Deltoid
Adduction of the Humerus - Pectoralis Major,
Coracobrachialis, Latissimus Dorsi and Teres Major
Abduction of the Humerus - Supraspinatus and Middle Deltoid
Horizontal Adduction of the Humerus - Anterior Deltoid and
Pectoralis Major
Horizontal Abduction of the Humerus - Posterior Deltoid
Elbow
Flexion of the Elbow - Biceps, Brachialis, Brachioradialis,
and Pronator Teres
Extension of the Elbow - Triceps and Anconeus
Forearm
Supination of the Forearm - Biceps and Supinator
Pronation of the forearm - Pronator Teres and Pronator
Quadratus
Wrist
Flexion of the Wrist - Flexor Carpi Radialis, Flexor Carpi
Ulnaris, and Palmaris Longus
Extension of the Wrist - Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus,
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis, and Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Adduction of the Wrist - Extensor Carpi Ulnaris and Flexor
Carpi Ulnaris
Abduction of the Wrist - Flexor Carpi Radialis and Extensor
Carpi Radialis Longus
Fingers
Flexion of Fingers - Flexor Digiti Minimi and Flexor
Digitorum Profundus, Flexor Digitorum and Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Extension of Fingers - Extensor Digitorum, Extensor
Indicis, and Extensor Digiti Minimi
Adduction of Fingers - Palmar Interossei
Abduction of Fingers - Abductor Digiti Minimi, Dorsal
Interossei
Thumb
Adduction of Thumb - Adductor Pollicis
Abduction of Thumb - Abductor Pollicis Brevis, Abductor
Pollicis Longus
Opposition of Thumb - Opponens Pollicis
Flexion of the Thumb - Flexor Pollicis Longus and Flexor
Pollicis Brevis
Extension of Thumb - Extensor Pollicis Brevis and Abductor
Pollicis Longus
Trunk
Flexion of Trunk - Rectus Abdominis, External Obliques,
Internal Oblique
Lateral Flexion of Trunk - External Obliques, Internal
Oblique, Quadratus Lumborum
Supports Compression of Abdominal Contents - Rectus
Abdominis, External Obliques, Internal Oblique, Transverse Abdominis
Spine
Extension of Spine - Iliocostalis, Longissimus, Spinalis,
Semispinalis, Multifidus
Lateral Flexion of Spine - Iliocostalis, Longissimus,
Spinalis
Rotation of Opposite Side - Semispinalis, Multifidus
Hip
Flexion of the Hip - Iliopsoas, Pectineus, TFL, Adductor
Brevis, Adductor Longus, Adductor Magnus, Rectus Femoris, and Sartorius
Extension of the Hip - Gluteus Maximus, Biceps Femoris,
Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus, and Adductor Magnus
Medial Rotation of the Hip - Gluteus Medius, Gluteus
Minimus, TFL, Pectineus, Adductor Longus, Adductor Brevis, and Adductor Magnus
Lateral Rotation of the Hip - Piriformis, Gemellus
Superior, Obturator Internus, Gemellus Inferior, Obturator Externus, Quadratus
Femoris, Gluteus Maximus, and Sartorius
Adduction of the Hip - Adductor Brevis, Adductor Longus,
Adductor Magnus Gracilis, and Pectineus
Abduction of the Hip - Gluteus Medius, Gluteus Minimus, TFL
and Sartorius
Raises Hip - Quadratus Lumborum
Knee
Flexion of the Knee - Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosus,
Semimembranosus, Sartorius, Gracilis, Gastrocnemius, Plantaris, and Popliteus
Extension of the Knee - Vastus Lateralis, Vastus
Intermedius, Vastus Medialis, Rector Femoris and TFL
Medial Rotation of the Knee - Semitendinosus,
Semimembranosus, Popliteus, Gracilis, and Sartorius
Lateral Rotation of the Knee - Biceps Femoris
Ankle
Dorsiflexion of the Ankle - Tibialis Anterior, Extensor
Digitorum Longus, Peroneus Tertius, and Extensor Hallucis Longus
Plantar Flexion of the Ankle - Gastrocnemius, Soleus,
Plantaris, Peroneus Longus, Peroneus Brevis, Tibialis Posterior, Flexor
Hallucis Longus and Flexor Digitorum Longus
Foot
Inversion of the Foot - Tibialis Anterior and Tibialis
Posterior
Eversion of the Foot - Peroneus Tertius, Peroneus Longus
and Peroneus Brevis
Toes
Flexion of Toes - Flexor Digitorum Longus, Flexor Digitorum
Brevis, Abductor Digiti Minimi
Extension of Toes - Extensor Digitorum Brevis, Extensor
Digitorum Longus
Great Toe
Flexion of Great Toe - Flexor Hallucis Longus, Flexor
Hallucis Brevis
Extension of Great Toe - Extensor Hallucis Longus
·
*Adductor brevis-
only muscle to b supplied by both ant n post divisions of obturator n
·
*gemellus superior-
supplied by n. to obturator internus
·
*gemellus inferior-
supplied by n. to quadratus femoris
·
*pectoralis major-
MC muscle tat is absent congenitally
·
*peroneus brevis-
involved in displacement of # fragment in Jones #
·
*quadriceps femoris
– MC muscle to atrophy in osteoarthritis
·
*tibialis anterior –
MC muscle to undergo complete atrophy in osteoarthritis
·
*latissimus dorsi –
actions are remembered as movin the hand to scratch the opp scapula..adduction,
extension, medial rotation
·
*rotator cuff-
supraspinatus,infraspinatus,subscapularis & teres minor
·
*sartorius- tailors
muscle..longest muscle in the body
·
*lumbricals –
lateral two are uni pennate supplied by median nerve
·
Medial two are
bipennate supplied by ulnar nerve
·
*thenar muscles- all
supplied by median nerve except deep head of
·
flexorpollicis
brevis supplied by ulnar nerve
·
*abductor pollicis
longus & extensor pollicis brevis – involved in
·
deQuervain’s
tenosynovitis
·
*teres minor –
supplied by axillary.n with pseudo ganglion
·
*palmar interossi -
adductors
·
*dorsal interossi –
abductors
smallest muscle - piloerector
longest muscle - sartorius
virgins/antirape muscle -
gracilis
locking muscle - popliteus
boxer's muscle - serratus
anterior
footballer muscle - quadriceps
femoris
climbing muscle - lattismi dorsi
rider's muscle - adductors of
thigh
swimmer muscle - lattismi dorsi
tailor's muscle - sartorius
The presence of a “popeye”
muscle
deformity in the biceps muscle
contour indicates
rupture of the long head of the
biceps tendon
Honeymoon muscle-gracilsis
toenbey's muscle-tensor tympani
No comments:
Post a Comment